“Thorough debridement and disinfection of the apical third during the cleaning and shaping process are challenging and critical to the success of root canal treatment (RCT). Although several standardized protocols have been presented regarding the ideal apical enlargement and length of preparation to ensure effective apical debridement, some questions are still controversial. How much should I enlarge the root canal foramen? Also, where should I stop the preparation length?
In our lecture, we’ll decode the mysteries of the apex and navigate such controversies to guide the clinician to weigh several factors to determine the most appropriate apical preparation protocol”